The Grief Connection — From Stockton to Red Lake
By Russell Friedman
On January 17, 1989,
25 year old Patrick Purdy walked onto a junior high school campus in Stockton,
California with an AK-47 and opened fire. When it was over, there were five dead
children, 29 injured children and one injured teacher, and Purdy himself was
dead. Needless to say, scores of others were traumatized by what they had
witnessed.
In the immediate aftermath, thousands of column inches were written in
newspapers and magazines about the "Stockton Massacre," as it was dubbed. In all
of the reports and stories, they kept trying to figure out why it had happened.
On Monday, March 21, 2005, 16 year old Jeff Weise killed his grandparents
then proceeded to kill eight others at his school in Red Lake, Minnesota.
The collective media and the experts they interview are once again trying to
figure out "why." As one headline put it, "Motive the big question in US high
school shooting."
The search for "why" has always been off-target. If you look at the opening
sentence of this article you might imagine where most of the energy was
centered. Yes, on the AK-47. If you google up Patrick Purdy right now, you will
find endless references to the debate it inspired about the easy availability of
guns and guns with that kind of firepower. You will also find many references to
the fact that Purdy had been treated with a variety of psychotropic drugs to
deal with a history of mental disturbances. Finally, you will discover that all
of the dead children were of Asian descent, so a tremendous amount of reporting
was devoted to the socio-economic and ethnic makeup of that school community.
And everybody missed the point.
The essential point was buried in the back of one newspaper article. A quote
from Purdy's mother made a chilling observation, "I watched him get sick and
go downhill from the day his father died."
Her truthful statement answered the question of "why" but went almost totally
unnoticed. If you were to spend five minutes researching parallel incidents over
the past 16 years, you'd find that unresolved grief is the only common
denominator that connects all of the perpetrators. Yet it is hidden from real
consideration by the intellectual pursuit of more elaborate causes.
This week, in reaction to the Red Lake school incident near Bimidji,
Minnesota, we are once again reminded of the possibility of the catastrophic
consequences of unresolved grief. In the short time since young Jeff Weise's
rampage in Minnesota, we already know the "grief back-story" that represents the
underlying causal issue. We know that within a relatively short span of time
Jeff's father committed suicide, his mother suffered brain damage in an auto
accident in which one of Jeff's cousins died, and that his maternal grandmother
died.
But a great deal of ink and TV time has already been devoted to young Jeff's
participation in Nazi oriented websites. We certainly cannot dismiss that as
contributory. We also realize that in addition to the grief events that shrouded
his life, Jeff may have had some pathological issues which may or may not have
been identified.
A listing of the major parallel events that have made national news in the
years since Patrick Purdy went berserk in Stockton contain just one unifying
factor. Each of the assailants had an immediately recent or long term history of
grief events that undoubtedly pushed them over the edge. There are no
exceptions.
If you pick young Charles "Andy" Williams who killed two classmates in
Santee, California in March of 2001, you will find the grief in the divorce of
his parents and his moving away from all he knew in Pennsylvania.
If you pick Jonesboro, Arkansas where 13-year-old Mitchell Johnson and
11-year-old Andrew Golden killed four fellow students and one teacher in March,
1998, you will find more histories of split families and cross-country moves.
You will also find that one of the boys was embittered by a rejection by a girl
at school. But much of the focus after Jonesboro was placed on the ease of
access to weapons in the grandfather's gun cabinet.
The list goes on and on and the only connecting thread is the litany of
unresolved grief attached to each of the perpetrators. Some of the grief relates
to the death of someone important; some to the divorce and fracturing of
families; some, as in the cases of Klebold and Harris at Columbine, relates to
having felt shunned by the "in group" at the school. They had other losses, and
there were issues with prescription medications, but their alienation was a key
to their eventual horrific actions.
The problem is the constant attempt to find an intellectual explanation to
blame for the events that are the result of a massive build-up of grief energy
inside the minds and bodies of unhappy young people. The availability of guns or
dangerous websites make for easy discussion and can be made to look as if they
are the cause. But they are the least of the equation. The real issue is that as
a society, we do not deal well or effectively with what starts as grief, and
when ignored becomes unresolved grief, and finally turns into fuel for the
explosions that wind up on the news.
In fairness, most children who have a parent or grandparent die do not get a
rifle and shoot-up the playground at their schools. Most of the young people
whose parents' divorce do not wind up killing their classmates. Most students
who do not make the varsity football team or get selected for the lead in the
school play do not wind up household names for taking actions that leave dead
and wounded.
The fact that there are only a limited amount of these horrendous events does not mean that we and our children are dealing well with the grief caused by the many losses that can put us off balance. The fact that some of us, adult or child, are afflicted by other demons of the mind and spirit, does not diminish the fact that as parents, teachers and guardians of our young people, we must learn effective ways to deal with our own grief so we can help them with theirs.
By Russell Friedman
John W. James and Russell Friedman are co-founders of The Grief Recovery
Institute Educational Foundation, and co-authors of The Grief Recovery Handbook
and When Children Grieve, both from HarperCollins. The Institute and thousands
of affiliates throughout the United States and Canada offer a variety of
programs for grievers. Additional information is available by calling
888-773-2683 or on the web at www.grief.net. Eric Cline is Director of The Grief
Recovery Institute in Canadian.